{"id":3155,"date":"2021-01-25T14:12:30","date_gmt":"2021-01-25T13:12:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/closing-the-financing-gap-of-marine-conservation\/"},"modified":"2023-07-06T09:17:10","modified_gmt":"2023-07-06T07:17:10","slug":"combler-le-deficit-de-financement-de-la-conservation-marine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/fr\/combler-le-deficit-de-financement-de-la-conservation-marine\/","title":{"rendered":"Combler le d\u00e9ficit de financement en conservation marine"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3155\" class=\"elementor elementor-3155\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-20563d1 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"20563d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6536cc2\" data-id=\"6536cc2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7f569d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e7f569d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Combler le d\u00e9ficit de financement en conservation marine<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9e902ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9e902ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7bf218\" data-id=\"f7bf218\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-306898d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"306898d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dabbdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8dabbdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00ab L&#8217;expansion mondiale des AMPs sans investissement dans les capacit\u00e9s humaines et financi\u00e8res entra\u00eenera des r\u00e9sultats insuffisants en mati\u00e8re de conservation. \u00bb<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8023b0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8023b0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6c560d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6c560d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trouver des solutions efficaces pour prot\u00e9ger la biodiversit\u00e9 marine menac\u00e9e est devenu une priorit\u00e9 mondiale. Dans ce contexte, les <strong>aires marines prot\u00e9g\u00e9es (AMPs)<\/strong>, qui agissent comme des r\u00e9seaux de r\u00e9servoirs de biodiversit\u00e9, sont <strong>une pierre angulaire des politiques de conservation marine<\/strong> <a href=\"#Financing-gap\">[1]<\/a>. Les AMPs qui peuvent garantir une <strong>protection efficace<\/strong> peuvent \u00e9galement apporter des avantages consid\u00e9rables aux populations humaines gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des effets en cascade. Par exemple, les AMPs peuvent fournir \u00e0 la p\u00eache des prises durables et fiables (\u00ab effet de d\u00e9bordement \u00bb), jouant ainsi un r\u00f4le crucial dans les \u00e9conomies de subsistance ou de march\u00e9. Elles peuvent accueillir des activit\u00e9s de loisirs, apportant ainsi des avantages \u00e9conomiques aux communaut\u00e9s locales gr\u00e2ce au tourisme, tout en \u00e9tant une source de bien-\u00eatre pour les populations du monde entier. Ainsi, les AMPs doivent \u00e9galement \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme <strong>un outil important pour le maintien de communaut\u00e9s c\u00f4ti\u00e8res r\u00e9silientes<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Toutefois, une protection efficace n\u00e9cessite une bonne gestion, qui de fait, n\u00e9cessite des ressources. <strong>Ressources humaines et budget<\/strong>, en particulier, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s comme <strong>les principaux facteurs limitant l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 des AMPs <\/strong><a href=\"#Financing-gap\">[2]<\/a>. L&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 d&#8217;une AMP r\u00e9side dans les effets \u00e9cologiques mesurables d&#8217;une AMP, tels que l&#8217;augmentation de la biomasse en poissons, de la proportion d\u2019habitats restaur\u00e9s ou du nombre d&#8217;esp\u00e8ces marines par exemple. <strong>Les AMPs dot\u00e9es d&#8217;un personnel suffisant produisent des effets \u00e9cologiques presque trois fois plus importants que les AMPs dont les ressources humaines sont insuffisantes.<\/strong> Actuellement, 65 % des AMPs d\u00e9clarent disposer d\u2019un budget insuffisant pour les besoins de gestion basiques et 91 % des AMPs d\u00e9clarent une capacit\u00e9 en personnel sur site insuffisante ou inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l&#8217;optimum <a href=\"#Financing-gap\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73c14d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"73c14d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fishermen-boat-sea-nabeul-tunisia.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-7495\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fishermen-boat-sea-nabeul-tunisia.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fishermen-boat-sea-nabeul-tunisia-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fishermen-boat-sea-nabeul-tunisia-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fishermen-boat-sea-nabeul-tunisia-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fishermen-boat-sea-nabeul-tunisia-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fishermen-boat-sea-nabeul-tunisia-650x366.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdf7073 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bdf7073\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les n\u00e9gociations internationales sur la couverture mondiale en AMPs post-2020 (post-Aichi) sont bien engag\u00e9es, avec un objectif de 30 % de couverture. Dans le cadre de ces n\u00e9gociations, de nombreuses AMPs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 inaugur\u00e9es ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es <a href=\"#Financing-gap\">[4]<\/a>. Cependant, \u00ab <strong><em>l&#8217;expansion mondiale des AMPs sans investissement dans les capacit\u00e9s humaines et financi\u00e8res entra\u00eenera vraisemblablement des r\u00e9sultats insuffisants en mati\u00e8re de conservation<\/em><\/strong> \u00bb <a href=\"#Financing-gap\">[3]<\/a>. Bien que certains pays, comme la France (pays poss\u00e9dant la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande zone \u00e9conomique exclusive du monde), aient d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu&#8217;ils consacreraient un tiers de cette couverture de 30 % (10 % du total) \u00e0 ce qu&#8217;on appelle la \u00ab <strong>protection forte<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb, ils ont encore beaucoup de chemin \u00e0 parcourir. Dans la mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise et dans la zone fran\u00e7aise Atlantique-Manche-Mer du Nord, respectivement seulement 0,1% et 0,01% des eaux sont actuellement <strong>fortement prot\u00e9g\u00e9es<\/strong> (activit\u00e9s d&#8217;extraction tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9es) ou <strong>totalement prot\u00e9g\u00e9es<\/strong> (pas d&#8217;extraction) ; ces deux cat\u00e9gories sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme apportant des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e9cologiques et sociaux importants <a href=\"#Financing-gap\">[5]<\/a>.<\/p><p>Ce manque de financement pour la protection de la biodiversit\u00e9, avec ses effets n\u00e9fastes sur la conservation et les communaut\u00e9s locales, est appel\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0<strong>d\u00e9ficit de financement<\/strong> \u00bb. Au niveau plan\u00e9taire, le foss\u00e9 entre ce qui est n\u00e9cessaire pour g\u00e9rer durablement la biodiversit\u00e9 et maintenir l&#8217;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la Terre, par rapport \u00e0 ce qui est actuellement investi dans la conservation de la nature, se situe entre 598 et 824 milliards de dollars par an <a href=\"#Financing-gap\">[6]<\/a>. Les niveaux de financement actuels ne couvrent qu&#8217;entre 16 et 19 % du besoin global pour mettre un terme \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9rosion de la biodiversit\u00e9. En ce qui concerne sp\u00e9cifiquement l\u2019Oc\u00e9an, on estime que 175 milliards de dollars US par an sont n\u00e9cessaires pour atteindre l&#8217;objectif de d\u00e9veloppement durable n\u00b0 14 de l\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies (\u00ab conserver et exploiter durablement les oc\u00e9ans, les mers et les ressources marines pour un d\u00e9veloppement durable \u00bb), tandis que les niveaux de financement actuels pour cela repr\u00e9sentent 52 milliards de dollars US par an <a href=\"#Financing-gap\">[7]<\/a>.<\/p><p>En 2015, Thomas Binet, fondateur de <a href=\"http:\/\/vertigolab.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><strong>Vertigo<\/strong><\/span> <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">Lab<\/span><\/strong><\/a>, a men\u00e9 une \u00e9tude pour MedPAN, le SPA\/RAC et WWF M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e &#8211; avec le soutien financier de la fondation MAVA, du Fonds Fran\u00e7ais pour l&#8217;Environnement Mondial et de l&#8217;Agence des Aires Marines Prot\u00e9g\u00e9es &#8211; sur la situation financi\u00e8re des AMPs en mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e <a href=\"#Financing-gap\">[8]<\/a>. Gr\u00e2ce aux donn\u00e9es officielles de 14 pays \u00e9tudi\u00e9s, les auteurs ont calcul\u00e9 un d\u00e9ficit de financement de <strong>700 millions d&#8217;euros par an<\/strong> pour atteindre l&#8217;objectif d&#8217;Aichi 2020, \u00e0 savoir une couverture de 10 % de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e par des AMPs g\u00e9r\u00e9es efficacement, <strong>les ressources financi\u00e8res actuelles ne couvrant que 12 % des besoins pour atteindre cet objectif<\/strong>. Historiquement, les AMPs m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes d\u00e9pendent de deux sources de financement principales : les gouvernements et les donateurs. Cependant, ces sources ne sont clairement pas suffisantes et il est urgent que les AMPs s&#8217;assurent de nouveaux revenus, d&#8217;autant plus que les objectifs globaux de couverture en AMPs sont sur le point d&#8217;\u00eatre multipli\u00e9s par trois.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4798752 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4798752\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/beach-cap-de-creus-cadaques-spain.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-7494\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/beach-cap-de-creus-cadaques-spain.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/beach-cap-de-creus-cadaques-spain-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/beach-cap-de-creus-cadaques-spain-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/beach-cap-de-creus-cadaques-spain-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/beach-cap-de-creus-cadaques-spain-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/beach-cap-de-creus-cadaques-spain-650x366.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3294fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c3294fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u2019est \u00e0 la suite de ce rapport que <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><a style=\"color: #00ccff;\" href=\"https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/actualites\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>BlueSeeds est n\u00e9e en mars 2018<\/strong><\/a><\/span>, avec pour mission, entre autres, d&#8217;aider les AMPs \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper une strat\u00e9gie financi\u00e8re solide et durable qui leur permettrait enfin d&#8217;atteindre leurs objectifs de conservation. La mission plus g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de BlueSeeds est d&#8217;explorer des voies alternatives de conservation reposant sur des sources financi\u00e8res indirectes comme l&#8217;entrepreneuriat ou des <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #00ccff;\" href=\"https:\/\/blueseeds.org\/guide-financing-mechanisms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m\u00e9canismes de financement<\/a><\/strong><\/span> novateurs, dans une perspective d&#8217;\u00e9conomie bleue, afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9, l&#8217;impact et la durabilit\u00e9 de la conservation. Les solutions propos\u00e9es par BlueSeeds sont r\u00e9sum\u00e9es dans les cinq solutions identifi\u00e9es par Bos et al. (2015) :<\/p><ol><li>Strat\u00e9gies financi\u00e8res pour la conservation marine.<\/li><li>Recherche sur et d\u00e9veloppement de m\u00e9canismes de financement.<\/li><li>Int\u00e9gration de la planification financi\u00e8re dans la planification de la conservation.<\/li><li>Mobilisation des entreprises pour r\u00e9duire le d\u00e9ficit de financement de la conservation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins.<\/li><li>D\u00e9termination d&#8217;un champ d&#8217;action, de sp\u00e9cialistes et d&#8217;une terminologie propres au domaine \u00e9mergent du financement de la conservation marine.<\/li><\/ol><p>Ainsi, avec son approche et son \u00e9quipe pluridisciplinaire, BlueSeeds se positionne dans le domaine exp\u00e9rimental et \u00e9mergent du <strong>financement de la conservation marine<\/strong>, un domaine qui n\u00e9cessite une <strong>collaboration entre secteurs<\/strong> (organisations multilat\u00e9rales, usagers publics, exploitants de ressources, gouvernements, entreprises \u00e0 but lucratif, organisations \u00e0 but non lucratif, instituts de recherche et philanthropes) et une <strong>collaboration entre disciplines <\/strong>(planification de la conservation, \u00e9cologie marine, sciences sociales, sciences de l&#8217;environnement, \u00e9conomie de l&#8217;environnement, entreprenariat, d\u00e9veloppement durable et investissement d&#8217;impact) <a href=\"#Financing-gap\">[9]<\/a>. Bien que le champ d&#8217;action actuel de BlueSeeds soit principalement tourn\u00e9 vers la mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, \u00e0 terme son objectif est de transposer les solutions qu&#8217;il d\u00e9veloppe \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e \u00e0 d&#8217;autres r\u00e9gions du monde.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0ba506 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d0ba506\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d38ab1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d38ab1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76cd6c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76cd6c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"Financing-gap\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>[1] Sala E, Giakoumi S (2018) No-take marine reserves are the most effective protected areas in the ocean. <em>ICES Journal of Marine Science<\/em>, 75, 1156\u20131159.<\/p><p>[2] Coad L, Watson JE, Geldmann J, Burgess ND, Leverington F, Hockings M, Knights K, Di Marco, M. (2019) Widespread shortfalls in protected area resourcing undermine efforts to conserve biodiversity. <em>Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment<\/em>, 17, 259-264.<\/p><p>[3] Gill DA, Mascia MB, Ahmadia GN, Glew L, Lester SE, Barnes M, Craigie I, Darling ES, Free CM, Geldmann J, Holst S, Jensen OP, White AT, Basurto X, Coad L, Gates RD, Guannel G, Mumby PJ, Thomas H, Whitmee S, Woodley S, Fox HE (2017) Capacity shortfalls hinder the performance of marine protected areas globally. <em>Nature<\/em>, 543, 665-669.<\/p><p>[4] Maxwell SL, Cazalis V, Dudley N, Hoffmann M, Rodrigues ASL, Stolton S, Visconti P, Woodley S, Kingston N, Lewis E (2020) Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century. <em>Nature<\/em>, 586, 217-227.<\/p><p>[5] Claudet J, Loiseau C, Pebayle A (2020) Critical gaps in the protection of the second largest exclusive economic zone in the world. <em>Marine Policy<\/em>, 124, 104379.<\/p><p>[6] Deutz A, Heal GM, Niu R, Swanson E, Townshend T, Zhu L, Delmar A, Meghji A, Sethi SA, Tobin de la Puente J (2020) Financing nature: closing the global biodiversity financing gap. The Paulson Institute, The Nature Conservancy, and the Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability. 256 pp.<\/p><p>[7] Johansen DF, Vestvik RA (2020) The cost of saving our ocean &#8211; estimating the funding gap of sustainable development goal 14. <em>Marine Policy<\/em>, 112, 103783.<\/p><p>[8] Binet T, Diazabakana A, Hernandez S (2015) Sustainable financing of Marine Protected Areas in the Mediterranean: a financial analysis. VertigoLab, MedPAN, SPA\/RAC, WWF Mediterranean. 115 pp.<\/p><p>[9] Bos M, Pressey RL, Stoeckl N (2015) Marine conservation finance: the need for and scope of an emerging field. <em>Ocean<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>Coastal<\/em> <em>Management<\/em>, 114, 116-128.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88a8319 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"88a8319\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u00a0L&#8217;expansion mondiale des AMPs sans investissement dans les capacit\u00e9s humaines et financi\u00e8res entra\u00eenera vraisemblablement des r\u00e9sultats insuffisants en mati\u00e8re de conservation\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7495,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-notre-lab"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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